for such punishment. They were also granted by the king for the pu of shielding his favorites or their friends from the consequences of their crimes; and thus were as pernicious in their operation as the protection afforded by the church to criminals in a former acc Abolished during the Revolution of 1789. harton.

Lat. An expression used in the Roman law, and applied to the trial of wreck and salvage. Commentators disagree about the origin of the expression; but all agree that its general meaning is that these causes shall te heard summarily. The most probable solution is that it refers to the place where causes were heard. A sail was spread before the door and officers employed to Keep strangers from. the tribu-